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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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banglade.4
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1991-04-06
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Economy
Overview: The economy is based on the output of a narrow range
of agricultural products, such as jute, which is the main cash
crop and major source of export earnings. Bangladesh is hampered
by a relative lack of natural resources, a rapid population growth
of 2.8% a year and a limited infrastructure, and it is highly
vulnerable to natural disasters. Despite these constraints, real
GDP averaged about 3.8% annually during 1985-88. One of the poorest
nations in the world, alleviation of poverty remains the cornerstone
of the government's development strategy. The agricultural sector
contributes over 50% to GDP and 75% to exports, and employs over 74%
of the labor force. Industry accounts for about 10% of GDP.
GDP: $20.6 billion, per capita $180; real growth rate 2.1%
(FY89 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 8-10% (FY89 est.).
Unemployment rate: 30% (FY88 est.).
Budget: revenues $1.8 billion; expenditures $3.3 billion,
including capital expenditures of $1.7 billion (FY89).
Exports: $1.3 billion (f.o.b., FY89 est.); commodities--jute,
tea, leather, shrimp, manufacturing; partners--US 25%, Western
Europe 22%, Middle East 9%, Japan 8%, Eastern Europe 7%.
Imports: $3.1 billion (c.i.f., FY89 est.); commodities--food,
petroleum and other energy, nonfood consumer goods, semiprocessed
goods, and capital equipment; partners--Western Europe 18%,
Japan 14%, Middle East 9%, US 8%.
External debt: $10.4 billion (December 1989).
Industrial production: growth rate 5.4% (FY89 est.).
Electricity: 1,700,000 kW capacity; 4,900 million kWh produced,
40 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: jute manufacturing, food processing, cotton
textiles, petroleum, urea fertilizer.
Agriculture: accounts for about 50% of GDP and 74% of both
employment and exports; imports 10% of food grain requirements;
world's largest exporter of jute; commercial products--jute,
rice, wheat, tea, sugarcane, potatoes, beef, milk, poultry;
shortages include wheat, vegetable oils and cotton; fish
catch 778,000 metric tons in 1986.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $3.2 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1980-87), $9.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $652
million; Communist countries (1970-88), $1.5 billion.
Currency: taka (plural--taka); 1 taka (Tk) = 100 paise.
Exchange rates: taka (Tk) per US$1--32.270 (January 1990),
32.270 (1989), 31.733 (1988), 30.950 (1987), 30.407 (1986),
27.995 (1985).
Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June.